Civil War Battle of Fort Pulaski

The Battle of Fort Pulaski was fought April 10-11, 1862, during the American Civil War (1861-1865). Commanders Union Major General David HunterBrigadier General Quincy Gillmore Confederates Colonel Charles H. Olmstead Battle of Fort Pulaski: Background Built on Cockspur Island and completed in 1847, Fort Pulaski guarded the approaches to Savannah, GA. Unmanned and neglected in 1860, it was seized by Georgia state troops on January 3, 1861, shortly before the state left the Union. For much of 1861, Georgia and then Confederate forces worked to strengthen the defenses along the coast. In October, Major Charles H. Olmstead took command of Fort Pulaski and immediately began efforts to improve its condition and enhance its armament. This work resulted in the fort ultimately mounting 48 guns which included a mix of mortars, rifles, and smoothbores. As Olmstead labored at Fort Pulaski, Union forces under Brigadier General Thomas W. Sherman and Flag Officer Samuel Du Pont succeeded in capturing Port Royal Sound and Hilton Head Island in November 1861. In response to the Union successes, the newly-appointed commander of the Department of South Carolina, Georgia, and East Florida, General Robert E. Lee ordered his forces to abandon the outlying coastal defenses in favor of concentrating at key locations further inland. As part of this shift, Confederate forces departed Tybee Island southeast of Fort Pulaski. Coming Ashore On November 25, shortly after the Confederate withdraw, Sherman landed on Tybee accompanied by his chief engineer Captain Quincy A. Gillmore, ordnance officer Lieutenant Horace Porter, and topographical engineer Lieutenant James H. Wilson. Assessing Fort Pulaskis defenses, they requested that a variety of siege guns be sent south including several new heavy rifles. With Union strength on Tybee growing, Lee visited the fort in January 1862 and directed Olmstead, now a colonel, to make several improvements to its defenses including the construction of traverses, pits, and blindage. Isolating the Fort That same month, Sherman and DuPont explored options for bypassing the fort using the adjacent waterways but found that they were too shallow. In an effort to isolate the fort, Gillmore was directed to build a battery on swampy Jones Island to the north. Completed in February, Battery Vulcan commanded the river to the north and west. By the end of the month, it was supported by a smaller position, Battery Hamilton, which was constructed mid-channel on Bird Island. These batteries effectively cut off Fort Pulaski from Savannah. Preparing for the Bombardment As Union reinforcements arrived, Gillmores junior rank became an issue as he was to oversee engineering activities in the area. This resulted in him successfully convincing Sherman to advance him to the temporary rank of brigadier general. As the heavy guns began to arrive at Tybee, Gillmore directed the construction of a series of eleven batteries along the islands northwest coast. In an effort to hide the work from the Confederates, all construction was done at night and covered with brush before dawn. Laboring through March, a complex series of fortifications slowly emerged. Despite work moving forward, Sherman, never popular with his men, found himself replaced in March by Major General David Hunter. Though Gillmores operations were not altered, his new immediate superior became Brigadier General Henry W. Benham. Also an engineer, Benham encouraged Gillmore to quickly finish the batteries. As sufficient artillerymen were not present on Tybee, training also commenced teaching infantrymen how to work the siege guns. With work completed, Hunter desired to commence the bombardment on April 9, however torrential rains prevented the battle from commencing. The Battle of Fort Pulaski At 5:30 AM on April 10, the Confederates awoke to the sight of the completed Union batteries on Tybee which had been stripped of their camouflage. Assessing the situation, Olmstead was disheartened to see that only a few of his guns could bear on the Union positions. At dawn, Hunter dispatched Wilson to Fort Pulaski with a note demanding its surrender. He returned a short time later with Olmsteads refusal. The formalities concluded, Porter fired the first gun of the bombardment at 8:15 AM. While the Union mortars dropped shells on the fort, the rifled guns fired on the barbette guns before switching to reduce the masonry walls at the forts southeast corner. The heavy smoothbores followed a similar pattern and also attacked the forts weaker eastern wall. As the bombardment continued through the day, Confederate guns were put out of action one by one. This was followed by the systematic reduction of Fort Pulaskis southeast corner. The new rifled guns proved particularly effective against its masonry walls. As night fell, Olmstead inspected his command and found the fort in shambles. Unwilling to submit, he elected to hold out. After sporadic firing during the night, the Union batteries resumed their assault the next morning. Hammering Fort Pulaskis walls, the Union guns began opening a series of breaches in the southeast corner of the fort. With Gillmores guns pummeling the fort, preparations for an assault to be launched the next day moved forward. With the reduction of the southeast corner, Union guns were able to fire directly into Fort Pulaski. After a Union shell nearly detonated the forts magazine, Olmstead realized that further resistance was futile. At 2:00 PM, he ordered the Confederate flag lowered. Crossing to the fort, Benham and Gillmore opened surrender talks. These were quickly concluded and the 7th Connecticut Infantry arrived to take possession of the fort. As it was a year since the fall of Fort Sumter, Porter wrote home that Sumter is avenged! Aftermath An early victory for the Union, Benham and Gillmore lost one killed, Private Thomas Campbell of the 3rd Rhode Island Heavy Infantry, in the battle. Confederate losses totaled three severely wounded and 361 captured. A key result of the fight was the stunning performance of the rifled guns. Tremendously effectively, they made masonry fortifications obsolete. The loss of Fort Pulaski effectively closed the port of Savannah to Confederate shipping for the remainder of the war. Fort Pulaski was held by a reduced garrison for the rest of the war, though Savannah would remain in Confederate hands until taken by Major General William T. Sherman in late 1864 at the culmination of his March to the Sea.

Signs and Behaviors of Sociopaths

The term sociopath is  often used loosely in media and pop culture. But despite being frequently lumped together with psychopaths as likely criminals, not all sociopaths are violent, nor is sociopathy a condition recognized  by doctors or psychologists. In the past, sociopathy was considered a form of psychopathy or a closely related condition. In contemporary medical practice, antisocial personality disorder is the diagnosis that best fits the characteristics associated with sociopathy. Key Takeaways Although the term sociopath is popular, sociopathy is not an actual medical condition.Traits of a sociopath include a lack of empathy, a disregard for social norms of right and wrong, impulsivity, excessive risk-taking, frequent lying, and difficulty maintaining relationships with others.The characteristics associated with sociopathy best fit the description of antisocial personality disorder, which  is  a diagnosable medical condition. A Brief History of Sociopathy In the 1880s, the prefix socio- first came up  in science and medicine.  German-American psychiatrist and neurologist Karl Birnbaum appears to have coined the word sociopathy in 1909. Then, in 1930, American psychologist George E. Partridge popularized the term and contrasted  it with psychopathy. Partridge described a sociopath as an individual who displayed antisocial behavior or defied social norms. In the  first edition of the  Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM), published in 1952, the condition was identified as sociopathic personality disturbance. Over time, the name continued to change. The modern DSM-5 includes sociopathy under the label  antisocial personality disorder.   Characteristics and Behaviors Most  non-sociopathic individuals display antisocial traits and behaviors  from time to time. A diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder requires an ongoing pattern of behavior that produces a consistently negative impact. The standard criteria for antisocial personality disorder include: A failure to conform to social norms or laws.Lying, usually for personal gain or pleasure, but sometimes for no apparent reason.Impulsive behavior and failure to plan ahead.Irritability, aggression, and poor anger management.Disregard for the safety of self or others.Irresponsibility, typically manifesting in problems maintaining employment and relationships or meeting financial obligations. To be diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder, an individual must be at least 18 years of age and have demonstrated the behavior before 15 years of age. The antisocial behavior cannot occur only in conjunction with other disorders (e.g. schizophrenia). Sociopaths  vs. Psychopaths   The difference between sociopaths and psychopaths  depends on how you define the terms. In the modern era, there are three different definitions of sociopathy, which may be compared with psychopathy: Some doctors and scientists contend that antisocial behavior caused by environmental and social factors is sociopathy, while antisocial behavior stemming from genetics or biology is psychopathy.A few researchers consider sociopathy to be  synonymous  with psychopathy, or else a less-severe form of psychopathy. In this definition of sociopathy, a sociopath is simply a type of psychopath.  Canadian criminal psychologist Robert Hare describes a psychopath as an individual who lacks any sense of morality or empathy, while a sociopath is a person who has a different sense of right and wrong from the majority. How Common Are Sociopaths? Deciphering the prevalence of sociopathy is complicated by its changing definition.  However, no matter which definition is used, its not a rare condition. A 2008 American study identified 1.2 percent of its sample as potentially psychopathic, correlating with alcohol abuse, violence, and low intelligence. A 2009 British study reported an incidence of 0.6 percent, correlating the traits  to the male gender, young age, violence, drug use, and other mental disorders. Diagnosed antisocial personality disorder is more common in alcohol or drug abuse treatment programs than in the general population. It occurs more frequently in  individuals who were hyperactive as children. Antisocial personality disorder is seen in between 3 percent and 30 percent of psychiatric outpatients. A 2002 literature review found 47 percent of male prisoners and 21 percent of female prisoners had the disorder. Potential Treatment Sociopathy, antisocial personality disorder, and psychopathy tend not to respond well to treatment. In fact, some  studies indicate treatment may worsen the condition. According to the Mayo Clinic, there are no drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration to treat antisocial personality disorder. Psychotherapy is often unsuccessful because many sociopaths wont admit they have a problem or else are unwilling to change. However, if the disorder is identified early (by the teen years), the chance of a better long-term outcome increases. Sources Farrington DP, Coid J (2004). Early Prevention of Adult Antisocial Behavior. Cambridge University Press. p. 82. Retrieved May 8, 2018.Hare RD (1 February 1996). Psychopathy and Antisocial Personality Disorder: A Case of Diagnostic Confusion. Psychiatric Times. UBM Medica. 13 (2). (archived)Kiehl, Kent A.; Hoffman, Morris B. (1 January 2011). The Criminal Psychopath: History, Neuroscience, Treatment, and Economics. Jurimetrics. 51 (4): 355–397.Mayo Clinic Staff (2 April 2016). Overview- Antisocial personality disorder. Mayo Clinic. Retrieved May 8, 2018.Mayo Clinic staff (12 April 2013). Antisocial personality disorder: Treatments and drugs. Mayo Clinic. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Retrieved May 8, 2018.Rutter, Steve (2007).  The Psychopath: Theory, Research, and Practice. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. p.  37.Skeem, J. L.; Polaschek, D. L. L.; Patrick, C. J.; Lilienfeld, S. O. (2011). Psychopathic Personality: Bridging the Gap Between Scie ntific Evidence and Public Policy. Psychological Science in the Public Interest. 12 (3): 95–162.

Multiple Popular Parenting Styles Found - 1451 Words

Milton Cheek IV LIA 102 April 28, 2017 Cultural Paper In this paper I will be looking at multiple popular parenting styles found and studied in psychology. There are four common parenting styles found in most homes which include, Permissive, Authoritarian, Neglecting, and Authoritative. I will be defining only two of these styles, and giving examples of actions found in each, discussing the outcomes as well as, identifying which parenting style is most recommended for parenting. And how we as Christians view this topic as well. After we are conceived, we begin learning from the influence of others. Common knowledge is that humans are influenced by†¦show more content†¦Children may be also be self-involved and demanding. Children with permissive parents are likely to be aggressive, particularly if the parents are specifically permissive toward aggressiveness. This child is likely to be somewhat immature in their behavior with peers and in school. For example, child may throw temper tantrums at recess in reaction to â€Å"not getting their way† with their peers. Every child s parents aren t always committed to each other so if that child sees how it feels to not have both parents they tend to lack discipline. They don t learn right from wrong right away. In contemporary culture a lot of kids disobey their parents and guardians by not listening to what they have to say. This all ties into how do we know right from wrong ? Such as in this generation we say whooping s are wrong. But back in the day whooping s were an act of discipline. Even teachers had the ability to spank a child if he/she acted up in school. So how do we know if spanking a child is wrong or right now and days because that can be seen as child abuse. If a child is abused this can lead to so many things mentally and physically by causing certain children to be linked in with underage alcohol use plus other drugs; teens with permissive parents were three times more likely to engage in heavy drinking. ThisShow MoreRelatedWhy Chinese Mothers Are Superior By Amy Chua1119 Words   |  5 Pageseffectiveness of her parenting style. This is an excerpt from Amy Chua’s book Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother. According to Behrens and Rosen, â€Å"the title â€Å"Why Chinese Mothers Are Superior† was written by the editors of the [Wall Street] Journal, not by Chua, most likely in an attempt (a successful one) to attract attention and encourage controversy† (261). Chua is a professor at Yale Law School (Behrens and Rosen 261). 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Pros and Cons Technology in Education free essay sample

Even though a teacher and textbook is the best way to succeed in a class, a student only has access to a teacher for about45 minutes, and even then, if every other student, lets say theres 23 students, asks for help from the teacher and takes 2 minutes, that means that it is very likely that a student wont get access to the teacher, but on the other hand, the internet is always available. Textbooks usually only contain a very limited amount of information, usually not even on multiple subjects, but technology, and more specifically the internet, includes over 2,000,000,000 searches and pieces of information on a single topic or area of a subject. Just imagine how much knowledge the internet has on an entire subject and on multiple subjects. * Technology can help provide an equal chance of education for students with disabilities. For example, today many facilities have begun to use iPads to communicate with Autism children, but it doesnt just stop there. The iPhone even includes a hearing aid feature so that if you use a hearing aid, you can instantly connect it to you phone allowing you easy access to school materials that require audio. * Already more than 75% of all jobs require use of a computer in some capacity. Students who are skilled in using technology in accomplishing tasks in school will be better prepared for the world of work. Internet tools can be fun! Internet tools are interactive! What a great way to engage students in the classroom! Due to the fact that technology is interactive and fun, it can help students be more engaged and pay attention in class. * A lot of todays students do best when they learn hands on, and thats exactly what technology gives them, for the internet is continuously expanding, and of its content, lies several online labs and activities such as Gizmo that students can work with to learn at a quicker and easier pace for them. Today, many students who are scouted for their abilities and talent s are no longer really seen physically, but instead they are looked up on the web by their social accounts, comments, and reviews, and through the combination of their actual ability and this internet life each student has created, a student is told whether or not he is good enough to receive an amazing opportunity, but what if that student doesnt have technology, then who do you think a college scout for education would rather have, someone who has no internet life but still has good reviews amongst his peers or he who has an internet life and great reviews from both his internet and real life. Today, many students who are scouted for their abilities and talents are no longer really seen physically, but instead they are looked up on the web by their social accounts, comments, and reviews, and through the combination of their actual ability and this internet life each student has created, a student is going to be called a primitive by society and is told whether or not he is good enough to receive an amazing opportunity, but what if that student doesnt have technology, then who do you think a college scout for education would rather have, someone who has no internet life but still has good reviews amongst his peers or he who has an internet life and great reviews from both his internet and real life. * In schools that have integrated technology, a student is needed to have the consent of their guardian in order to even go near a device, and if they dont well then they just dont use technology when the rest of their class does, and so as you can see, students dont have to use technology in their school, they can just choose to if they would like, which shows a freedom of choice. With technology, students are not only able to access knowledge from their local area, but theyre also able to read about events occurring all over the world, promoting the awareness of what is going on around them, and in a case like this, how can technology be bad? * It is proven that students are addicted technology and more specifically the games that come with it, but that doesnt mean that students still cant enjoy technology in their education, I mean if a student is addicted to games then simply make them learn through educational games, making it easier for the student to learn. * Players of some educational games develop better visual acuity. They say games can improve reaction and the ability to pick details amid clutter. * Internet users show greater brain activity than non-users, growing their neural circuitry. Cons In todays society, it is required to be able to know the art of cursive handwriting, for even in the SATs do they have a portion stating that you must write all of this in cursive, but due to technology and its typing abilities, the handwriting skills of students are beginning to decrease versus before the integration of education and technology. * Many people today do not have the required funds to pay for and support their childs education, yet they still try to make ends meet, and it happens, but due to the fact that technology in education only adds onto that cost, many families wouldnt be able to afford it, therefore creating an even greater separation in social classes between students within a schooling environment and courses that are now revolving around technology. As students progress in grade levels of education, the amount of work a student has to do on a single concept begins to increase and therefore every teacher is expected to make every minute count to a lesson, but with technology and its unreliability and difficulties added into the mix, educators will begin to see that less time is available to the actual lesson and more of it is spent getting the computers to work. * Because technology is a new form of learning, many students are just now learning of all of the functions it has to offer, but in most cases, students will find themselves needing to write more than they type not only because of the assignments given to them, but also because of the easiness/familiarity of handwriting over that of typing, making typing a lot harder. * Many of todays students are beginning to drop their education as they progress over the years, far more than a couple of years ago, and the number is increasing by every minute, and why is this happening? Students are no longer engaged in what they learn, for even though they may actually respect their education, it isnt fun, therefore they quit. * Technology has become too expensive and so not all schools would be able to afford the integration of technology into their classrooms, and you can be sure that the students wont go out and spend over $500 on something just for school, so in a case like that, technology isnt a reliable solution to solving and bettering the nations education as a whole. * Even though technology can be more interactive than a textbook through websites such as Gizmo or other services, it cant replace that of a teacher and those 1-on-1 tutorials given to a student if they need help. Even though many students do know how to use technology, many teachers dont and it is a foreign language to them, so there isnt any point in having and using technology in the classroom when your teacher wont know what to do with it and therefore you wont know what to do with it. * Studies have shown that if you put technology such as an iPad or laptop in a childs hand, then theyre bound to get distracted, and integrating technology into education will only make it worse by extending the same traits into students lessons in school. * Research has shown that over the summer, most kids spend their time either watching TV, staying on their phone, or remaining on some sort of technological device, creating an obsession, and with technology put into a classroom, students will only develop the same traits but the only difference is that now they have it in schools.